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What is the most likely pathway to be taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
These experiments defined a pathway taken by secreted proteins, the secretory pathway: rough ER → Golgi → secretory vesicles → cell exterior.
What is the pathway of a newly synthesized protein?
Newly synthesized proteins enter the endomembrane system through the endoplasmic reticulum. From there them move through the Golgi apparatus and into either the Secretory Pathway or the Lysosomal Pathway.
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Which of the following is most likely to limit the the maximum size of a cell?
The single factor that limits the size of most of the cell is the surface volume ratio. The size of the cell gets limited by the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, which determines the range of control of metabolic ratio and the ratio of surface to volume.
Which of the following statements best describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic?
Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells? Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
What do lysosomes do?
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
What is a ribosomes function?
A ribosome is a cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA) and, using the genetic code, translates the sequence of RNA bases into a sequence of amino acids.
What happens to the newly made protein?
After being synthesized, the protein will be carried in a vesicle from the RER to the cis face of the Golgi (the side facing the inside of the cell). As the protein moves through the Golgi, it can be modified.
Which pathway is generally followed by a protein produced for secretion quizlet?
Proteins destined to be secreted move through the secretory pathway in the following order: rough ER → ER-to-Golgi transport vesicles → Golgi cisternae → secretory or transport vesicles → cell surface (exocytosis) (see Figure 17-13).
What is the production pathway for a membrane protein?
The secretory pathway refers to the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and the vesicles that travel in between them as well as the cell membrane and lysosomes. It’s named ‘secretory’ for being the pathway by which the cell secretes proteins into the extracellular environment.
What limits unicellular growth?
For the larger unicellular organisms, surface transport may be limiting for cell growth. Maximum transport rates of nutrients across the cell surface are expected to scale with surface area, whereas the metabolic requirements likely scale with volume.
Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria?
Muscle cells have the most number of mitochondria in a human body. That includes the cardiac cells as well(because, the heart is also a muscular chamber, if you’re not familiar). Their energy demand is very high compared to the other cells in the body, due to constant contraction and elongations.
What are the 3 things that limit cell size and how do they limit cell size?
- Surface area to volume ratio. (surface area / volume)
- Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio.
- Fragility of cell membrane.
- Mechanical structures necessary to hold the cell together (and the contents of the cell in place)
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What types of proteins are synthesized by the rough ER?
The three major groups of proteins that are synthesized by RER-bound ribosomes include secretory proteins, integral membrane proteins destined for ER-derived membranes, and the lumenal-resident proteins of the ER, Golgi, nuclear envelope, and lysosome.
Which of the following statements describes a primary function of integrins?
Integrins are a large family of transmembrane glycoprotein receptors initially identified as mediators of cell adhesion and tissue integrity. However, it is now known that the primary function of integrins in mammals is to act as signalling proteins.
Which of the following statements best describes some aspect of cytoskeleton structure or function in eukaryotic cell?
Which of the following statements best describes some aspect of cytoskeleton structure or function in eukaryotic cells? Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.
What is cytoplasm function?
Cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
What is the function of nucleus?
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleoli are small bodies often seen within the nucleus.
What is plasma membrane function?
The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell. And that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.
What is a Golgi apparatus and what does it do?
(GOL-jee A-puh-RA-tus) A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm (gel-like fluid). The Golgi apparatus prepares proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell. The Golgi apparatus is a cell organelle. Also called Golgi body and Golgi complex.
What is the function of chloroplast?
Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process. By doing so, they sustain life on Earth. Chloroplasts also provide diverse metabolic activities for plant cells, including the synthesis of fatty acids, membrane lipids, …
How are proteins transported to their correct location in the cell?
Proteins contain molecular “zip codes” that allow them to be shipped to the correct cellular compartment. Correct. For example, proteins destined for the nucleus contain a nuclear localization signal, and other proteins contain an ER signal sequence.
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Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation?
Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation? The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex. This step occurs after the 5′ mRNA is bound by the ribosome and the start codon is bound by an aminoacyl tRNA. At which site do new aminoacyl tRNAs enter the ribosome during elongation?
What is the pathway in which a protein moves through the Endomembrane system?
Transport through the endomembrane system
In the ER, proteins fold into their correct shapes, and may also get sugar groups attached to them. Most proteins are then transported to the Golgi apparatus in membrane vesicles. Some proteins, however, need to stay in the ER and do their jobs there.
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